Risk 1: Emotional Decisions
Selling in panic, buying in euphoria, jumping between funds. Emotional moves cost the average investor 5.5% versus the S&P 500 in 2023. Over 20 years, even a 1% behavioral gap compounds to roughly $1M on a $1M portfolio.
The Cost
investor underperformance vs the S&P 500 in 2023 (DALBAR)

